Integrative systematics illuminates the relationships in two sponge-associated hydrozoan families (Capitata: Sphaerocorynidae and Zancleopsidae)

Abstract An integrated approach using morphological and genetic data is needed to disentangle taxonomic uncertainties affecting the hydrozoan families Sphaerocorynidae Zancleopsidae. Here we used this accurately characterise species in these families, identify previously unknown polyp stages of genera Euphysilla Zancleopsis , which were originally described exclusively based on medusa stages, describe a new sphaerocorynid genus species, assess phylogenetic position two within Capitata. The monotypic Astrocoryne was found be synonym . cabela therefore transferred as comb. nov. polyp-based Kudacoryne diaphana gen. sp. erected Sphaerocorynidae. Both taxa are primarily data, but introduction made necessary by fact that it clustered with Heterocoryne despite showing Sphaerocoryne -like polyps. Interestingly, analysed work showed contrasting biogeographical patterns. Based our literature records, some appear have wide circumtropical range, whereas others limited few localities. Overall, results lay ground for future investigations aimed at resolving taxonomy systematics enigmatic families.